Project Strategy and the Leadership Culture for a large construction Assignment

Project Strategy and the Leadership Culture for a large construction project - Assignment ExampleWhen developing a system for procurance, it is essential to consider all the factors that are vital to the project such as the project objectives, resources that are available, the total budget and the project duration. The assessment of these factors testament ensure that the team has a tailor made procurement plan that contributes towards the projects objectives. Before any purchase is made, the procuring officer must be able to answer the question as to why that item is being purchased, and if it is the most cost-effective option.All options must be considered, and, since there are slightly items that can be prepared on localize, it is important to consider all available options. An example is concrete. Some companies sell concrete that is ready for use and is delivered to the site in trucks. However, the project managers can decide to buy cement separately and mix it at the site for use (Ward, 2009). All these options have to be considered so that the supervisors find one that is not wholly cost effective but also saves on labor cost, time and use of mechanical equipment. Sustainability is also a factor that determines the duration for which we keep up with certain purchases. Considering the budget allocated, we should be able to determine whether our procurement decision can be supported in the long run.An important factor in the procurement process is finding suppliers. Suppliers are weighed based on various standards such as reliability and the cost. The procurement process should be done in a cost-effective manner that saves on the estimated figures. This can be done by identifying suppliers who are inexpensive. However, this is not the only measure of a good supplier.Reliability is equally important when it comes to choosing a supplier of choice.A good supplier must be able to supply heights quality products within the required time and at an afforda ble cost it does not have to be the cheapest option. It is acceptable to pay slightly more

Common Inventory System Problems & Solution Essay Example for Free

Common Inventory System Problems Solution EssaySymptomsPreoccupation with the expect inwardly the execution time conformation. Typic exclusivelyy, companies begin altering their forecast management processes when addressing supply chain performance. But this is unwise without understanding the nature of your demand and the root ca usances of forecast errors. When forecast accuracy is overemphasized, fill rates and armory turns dont improve, even when forecast accuracy does. No measure of customer service or inventory turns. Customers must be satisfied on an ongoing basis for a company to achieve long-term sustainability. Yet, inventory managers often have no idea how well customers needs are being met. Similarly, without knowing how quickly inventory moves through the value-creation-and-delivery system, a company wont be fit to manage inventory levels. Daily planning is based on a back order report. This is an entirely reactive model. Todays fast-paced market place takes p roactive inventory planning to meet current demand. Customers will switch to a competitor if their needs are consistently unmet in the time frame they dictate.SolutionsMandatory tracking of fill rate and inventory turns for tout ensemble product lines. Product managers should know these measures at all times. Fill rate should be measured daily, while inventory-turn measures will vary based on sales and production cycles. The important thing is that managers are both tracking and working to improve these rates. spring up realistic forecast-error measures. Developing realistic measures for how much forecast error you can tolerate without a SKU stock-out is essential. Typically, companies estimate plus or minus 10 for this measure, which equals near two days worth of inventory-a miniscule union considering that companies often have weeks or months worth of inventory. Effective forecast management and inventory planning require accurate data, so accurate forecast error measures are a must.Mistake No. 2 Having unqualified employees manage inventory SymptomsA aspect that our business is different because (fill in the blank). Every company has inventory planning challenges, such as variable demand. No business is so different that it would non benefit from strategicinventory management. Decentralized inventory management. If warehouse managers, office clerks, and other employees without specific inventory-management grooming are do inventory-management decisions, then it is certain that wasteful inventory is piling up throughout the system.Usually, this model reflects a company with no clear goals or strategy for inventory planning. Lack of formal train program or professional peer interaction. Inventory management is a professional skill that requires upfront and ongoing education. Emphasizing buying over planning. Buyers father purchases, and planners make strategic decisions to meet goals. Thinking of inventory planning from a purely buying point of vi ew means opportunities for improvement and fiscal benefits will be overlookeddaily. SolutionsRecognize that inventory management requires professional job skills, and hire and train accordingly. Just as a company with hundreds of thousands of throw in the towel dollars on its balance sheet would hire professional investment advisers, a company with hundreds of thousands of dollars in inventory should have professional inventory managers. Assign accountability for inventory management. Often, companies cant answer the question, Who is in charge of devising sure inventory levels support strategic goals? If no one is, then these inventory planning goals will never be met.TOP 5 SOLUTIONS1. Use reorder points on inventory items to keep purchasing streamlined and inventory manageable. order points (otherwise known as min. and max. levels) are the best method for making sure you have the right amount of inventory in your warehouse at all times. If you have too little inventory you coul d lose out on sales, but if you have too much your cash is tied up in inventory that will not be sold. One of the biggest problems many companies have is managing their cash. A quick way to solve that from an inventory standpoint is by making sure you have set the appropriate reorder points for your business. 2. Spend money on specialized training for mission-critical software. Companies with a lot of inventory spend thousands of dollars on software they need in order to manage and track their items asthey move all over the world. This software manages millions of dollars worth of assets. After spending so much money on software, some companies dont want to spend a few thousand dollars extra to buy the specialized training they need to implement the software.This is a big mistake because this software wont do you any good if you dont spend a little bit more to learn how to use it. If you try to learn your software on your own you may suffer for months before you learn the basics of how it works. 3. Rearrange the warehouse to set up for picking efficiencies. Sometimes trainers see mistakes that are so obvious you would think theyd be corrected immediately, but warehouse managers may be too distracted to notice them. We often see 100,000-square-foot warehouses that are organized inefficiently. These companies could save themselves large sums of money by making a few changes to where they place their inventory. The items that you sell the most or send out the most should be right next to the shipping dock. This keeps your employees from having to walk all the way across the warehouse to pick them up every time you are going to send them out. As companies grow, sometimes they just randomly practice things where there is space.This works for a little while, but as you grow you need to think near efficiency because the minutes that your employees spend driving about the forklift cost you money. 4. Take time to get to know your technology so that you can use all t he functionality. Rarely will a company use all of the functionality their software provides. Most of the time there is more that the software can do for you that you havent explored. Software companies always hear from their customers about which features they want added to the software when a lot of the time the features are already there. The more features that you use in the software the more effective you can be in managing your inventory. You should either assign someone within the company to learn the software functionality or pay someone to come in and teach it to you.5. pulley doing yearly physical inventories and move to a more regular, smaller cycle counting and reconciling routine. Businesses used to shut down for a day to a week each year to go into their warehouse and physically count everything to make sure that it matched the information in their software. This practice is mostly outdated because of the amount of time and money it takes. Doing these intermits in sm aller, more regular cycles keeps a company from having to shut down. We recommend picking one section each day to checkyour product levels against the information from your inventory software.

Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal EssayThis film pictures thus farts and unknown facts about the life of the Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal. When I am ceremonial occasion the film I derive the story clearer than reading it, the scenes played in the film made my mind and vision clearer. Theyve explain the life of Rizal clearly even though some information is not that important but still they are saying it for the students or the viewer can understand more the life of Rizal. In watching the films Ive realize the things that a man can do. The film started from Rizal telling what had been his life as a green boy was. Unlike any boy, Rizal came from a rich family which can be considered as principalia. His parents were considered to be a good example in their own ways. He had a big family with 10 siblings, nine sisters and one brother named Ponciano.Rizal was describe as a boyish boy whose eagerness to learn was of undeniable. At his young age of nine, he was asked to l ive in manila to study. He took entrance examinations and finally schooled at prestigious campuses in Manila by that time. He canvass first at Ateneo de Manila University then continue it at University of Sto. Thomas. Rizal also continued his studies abroad and he was able to visit many countries. Rizal demonstrated expectant talent in literature, philosophy and also in arts. He received awards in some contests that he joined and successfully won the major ones at times. As a student, I can say that Rizal was very hard working and dedicated. He was an engineer, sculptor, painter, ophthalmologist and a writer. I cant desire that a man can be that good, a man can do many things, and a man can defend his own country. He will not achieve all of that without his friends, of course.

Female Genital Mutilation Essay Example for Free

distaff Genital Mutilation EssayFemale venereal mutilation includes all mental processs that involve partial or total removal of the prohibitedside(a) young-bearing(prenominal) privates, or other injury to the feminine venereal organs for non-medical reasons (WHO). The World Health Organization states that 140,000,000 girls and women worldwide be currently living with the consequences of female genital mutilation. The modus operandi can be carried out on babies as young as two weeks old and on woman in their twenties. The come on at which girls are cut can vary widely from country to country, and even within countries. Most often, female genital mutilation happens in advance girls reach pubescence (Womens Health). In Africa, there is an estimated 101,000,000 girls 10 years old and above that have undergone female genital mutilation. The procedure is generally realizeed without anesthesia by an old(a) woman who acts as the local midwife and it is often conduct ed in the girls home. However, there are a hardly a(prenominal) villages that have all the girls put down next to each other and the circumciser cuts all of them in a row.The World Health Organization recognizes four types of female genital mutilation. grammatical case 1 and Type 2 are closely related. Type I is the removal of the clitoral hood, which is rarely, if ever, performed alone. Type 2 is called a clitoridectomy. This procedure is the partial or total removal of the button and inner labia, with or without the removal of the outer labia. In a 1998 report from the World Health Organization, they wrote the clitoris is held between the thumb and index finger, pulled out and amputated with one stroke of a sharp object. The sharp object can be a knife, pair of scissors, cut glass, sharpened rocks or fingernails. medical personnel are usually not involved. However, in Egypt, Sudan and Kenya, these procedures are carried out by health professionals (Pruthi). Type 3is called inf ibulation. This is the process of removing all external genitalia and the fusing of the wound, leaving a small hole for passage of water and menstrual blood. A pinhole is created by inserting something (usually a twig or rock salt) into the wound before it closes. The wound may be sewed with surgical thread, and in some cases agave or acacia thorns are used to hold the sides together. Then, the girls legs are tied together from hips down to her ankles and left to heal for 2-6 weeks.The infibulated womans vulva is out-of-doorsed for sexual intercourse by her husbands penis or a knife. This creates a tear which they gradually rip more and more until the opening is sufficient enough to admit the penis. In some women, the scar create from raw stuff is so hardened and overgrown with keloidal formations that it can only be cut with very sharp surgical scissors (Lightfoot-Klein). If the woman gets pregnant, they will cut her open with a knife in time to give birth. After they give birth , many another(prenominal) women ask to have the infibulation restored.Skoll World ForumType IV is declassified and it includes pricking, piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or labia stretching of the clitoris and/or labia cauterization of the clitoris and surrounding tissue scraping of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening or cutting of the vagina introduction of corrosive substances or herbs into the vagina to cause bleeding or for the purposes of tightening or narrowing it and any other procedure that falls under the definition of female genital mutilation above (Reyners).The origins of the practice are relatively unknown. Theres no way of knowing the origins of FGM (female genital mutilation), it appears in many different cultures, from Australian aboriginal tribes to different African societies, states medical historian David Gollaher, president and CEO of the California Healthcare Institute. There is a reference to it on the sarcophagus of Sit-hedjhotep, dating back to the Egypts Middle Kingdom. The inscription says But if a man wants to know how to live, he should recite (a magical spell) every day, after his bod has been rubbed with the b3d (an unknown substance) of an uncircumcised girl and the flakes of skin of anuncircumcised bald man (Knight, pp317). The English explorer William Browne reported in 1799 that infibulation was carried out on the slaves, coming from Egypt, to prevent pregnancy. Traders obviously paid a higher price for women who were infibulated. Slave patterns across Africa account for the patterns of female genital mutilation found there. Egypt and Africa are not the only continents that have a history of female genital mutilation.Gynecologists in 19th century Europe and the United States would remove the clitoris for various reasons, including treating masturbation, because they believed that masturbation caused physical and mental disorders (Rodriguez, p323) Isacc bread maker Brown was an English gynecologist who believed that the unnatural irritation of the clitoris caused epilepsy, hysteria and mania. A paper that was written in 1985 and published in the obstetric and Gynecological Survey says that the last clitoridectomy was performed in the United States in the 1960s to treat hysteria, erotomania and lesbianism (Cutner, p135) The practice of female genital mutilation is most common in the western, eastern, and north-eastern region of Africa, in some countries in Asia and the Middle East (WHO). There are currently 27 countries in sub-Saharan and Northeast Africa, and immigrant communities, which still perform female genital mutilation. Countries such as Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan are predominantly Type 3. The list of health complications that arise from female genital mutilation is very extensive.There are no health benefits and it rooted in gender inequality, ideas approximately purity, and is an attempt to control a womans sexuality. Immediate complications can include dr ess pain, shock, bleeding, tetanus or sepsis, urine retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby genital tissue. African Women.Org state that the long term consequences from the procedure are Repeated urinary infection because of the narrowing of the urinary outlet which prevents the complete emptying of urine from the bladder. Extremely painful menstruation due to the buildup of urine and blood in the uterus leading to inflammation of the bladder and internal sexual organs. Formation of scars and keloid on the vulva wound. The growth of dermoid cysts which may result in abscesses. Formation of fistula the rupture of the vagina and/or uterus.Vulval abscesses.Severe pain during intercourse which may consist of physical discomfort andpsychological traumatization. Difficult infant birth which in case of long and obstructed labour may lead to foetal death and brain damage of the infant. In the case of infibulation slap-up and chronic pelvic infection leading to in fertility and/or tubal pregnancy. Accumulation of blood and blood clots in the uterus and/or vagina. Physical absolutely term and long term complications are not the only result from female genital mutilation. Mental anguish can result from this brutal procedure. When Waris Dirie was about five years old, she was left in a makeshift shelter under a tree for several days to recover from her operation. She was told that idol wanted her to do this and she wondered why God hated her so much. When she was thirteen, her father wanted her to marry a man in his 60s.Waris ran across the dessert to capital of Somalia where she lived with relatives until she made it London and lived with her aunt. Whilst in London, a photographer spotted her and she became a supermodel, appearing in Chanel campaigns and was in the James Bond film The Living Daylights (Saner). Wariss popularity and status helped to give her a voice and she went public in 1997 in a magazine interview, to tell the world about w hat happened to her and her aspiration to stop female genital mutilation. Waris means Desert Flower, a flower that can endure even the roughest of climates. She started a foundation named Desert Flower that seeks to end the crime of female genital mutilation by raising public awareness, creating networks, organizing events and educational programs. Her foundation Desert Flower also supports victims of female genital mutilation. Last month, in Berlin, she opened the beginning(a) of what will be several medical centers to offer help to women who have suffered from female genital mutilation. Waris Dirie isnt the only one that is opposed to female genital mutilation. Others, such as the World Health Organization, have been working to educate woman on their rights to their own bodies. legion(predicate) laws have been enacted to protect these women, but few abide by these laws.Eighteen countriesBenin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Cte dIvoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, E thiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Togohave enacted laws criminalizing female genital mutilation. The penalties range from a lower limit of three months to a maximum of life in prison. Several countries also impose monetary fines. The Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act of 1985 made female genital mutilation unlawful inEngland and in Wales. However, there is evidence that people used a loophole to take young girls abroad temporarily to carry out the procedure. In the United States, Cornell University honor School teaches that Except as provided in subsection, whoever knowingly circumcises, excises, or infibulates the whole or any part of the labia majora or labia minora or clitoris of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. There are those out there that are for female genital mutilation. Many people from communities that practice it s ay that it is rooted in local culture and that the tradition has been passed from one generation to another.Culture and the preservation of cultural identity serve as the underlying impetus for continuing the practice. Many women will be social pariahs if they dont go through the ritual. They cannot attend any public outing or funeral. If they children, they too will be outcast. Some of those who support female genital mutilation also justify it on grounds of hygiene and aesthetics, with notions that female genitalia are dirty and that a girl who has not undergone the procedure is unclean. The women that oppose the end of female genital mutilation compare it breast enlargements or rhinoplasty. They ask why is okay for these women to change and shape their bodies to visualize the way that they want them to? The answer, simply, is that these procedures are a womens choice. They are eighteen years old and chose to have these procedures done to them. Female genital mutilation is child step and a violation of the basic human rights of women. The more we know about this procedure, the more we can do to put an end to it.ReferencesConsequences of FGM. African Women Organisation. N.p., 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. . Cornell University Law School 18 USC 116 Female Genital Mutilation. LII. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. . Cutner, L.P. Female genital mutilation Pg 135. July 1985. Web. 18 Oct. 2013 http/ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Female Circumcision. Skoll World Forum. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. . Female Genital Cutting particular Sheet. Womenshealth.gov. N.p., 15 Dec. 2009. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. . Female Genital Mutilation. WHO. World Health Organization, Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Gollaher, David Discovery News. DNews. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. .Knight, Mary. Curing Cut or Ritual Mutliation. Chicago diary 92.2 (2001) n. pag. JSTOR. June 2001. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Lightfoot-Klein, Hanny Erroneous Belief Systems Underlying Female Genital Mutilation in Sub-Saharan Africa . Template. University of Maryland, 22 May 1994. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Pruthi, Priyanka. Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse. UNICEF. N.p., 22 July 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. . Reyners, Marcel. Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation. Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation 4.4 (2004) 243. Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation. Dec. 2004. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. . Rodriguez, Sarah W. Project MUSE Rethinking the History of Female Circumcision and clitoridectomy American Medicine and Female Sexuality in the Late Nineteenth Century. Rethinking the History of Femle Circumcision and Clitoridectomy 63.3 (2008) 323-47. Project MUSE Rethinking the History of Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy American Medicine and Female Sexuality in the Late Nineteenth Century. July 2008. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. . Saner, Emine. Waris Dirie Female Genital Mutilation Is Pure Violence against Girls The Guardian. N.p., 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. .

Ethanol on the heart rate

Ethanol on the flavour directEffects of different concentrations of ethanol on the ticker come push through of the piddle fleaIn this experiment I lead be looking at the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on the centre rate of the water supply flea, water flea because victimization humans in a study to test the effects of Ethanol on heart rate would not be ethical. cyclops, like m any(prenominal) animals, are prone to alcohol intoxication, and make excellent subjects for studying the effects of the depressant on the nervous system due to the pellucid exoskeleton, and the visibly altered heart rate.Ethanol is a small molecule, RMM of 43, so it crosses cell membranes by simple diffusion. The exoskeleton of cyclops is not waterproof, so there are no waterproof waxy layers to cross. The gills are particularly thin-walled and optimised for diffusion. They active in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, ponds, streams and r ivers. They are tolerant of being observed live under a microscope and appear to suffer no harm when returned to open water.The experiment consists in preparing 5 different environments to put the water flea in, and observe how the heart rate responds to each change the change depart be the increase of ethanol concentration %. This ordain be the independent variable. The dependent variable is the heart rate of the Daphnia.Hypothesis Ethanol pass on decrease the heart rate of the Daphnia.Null Hypothesis Ethanol go out overhear no effect on the heart rate of the Daphnia. I will change the concentration of my Ethanol solution by dilution and will therefore plot a graph. In addition, a correlation and ANOVA test will be calculated to determine the relationship (If any) between the concentration of Ethanol and the heart rate of the Daphnia. I step to the fore out taken into consideration factors that will affect my overall conclusionFactors Size of Daphnia The coat of the Dap hnia will affect its absorption of Ethanol and similarly the metabolism of the drug in the liver. Different rates of metabolism will result in different heart rates. As a result I must(prenominal) ensure that I choose Daphnia which are the same size when conducting repeats. I will use a highly sensitive crustal plate to confirm that both daphnia are of equal body mass. Time kept in ethanol solution The Daphnia must be kept in the Petri knockout full of ethanol solution for a specific amount of time. If they are kept in the solution for too long they will become intoxicated which will result in ab familiar heart beats that are hard to measure although they must be kept in the solution long enough for sufficient absorption of Ethanol. Each Daphnia will stay in the ethanol solution for exactly 3 legal proceeding so that an equal volume of ethanol is absorbed. Activity of Daphnia Some Daphnia tend to be more active than others and these will have a higher heart rate compared to ones that are idle. after(prenominal) allowing the Daphnia to swim in a specific solution of ethanol I will office staff them on a cavity swoop so that I loafer observe the heart rate with a microscope. As I will be using a pipette to transfer the Daphnia from the Petri dish to the cavity slide excess fluid will be found on the slide which must be removed with tissue so that all Daphnia remain idle/ stabile and not active I.e. swimming on the slide. This will also allow me to measure the heart rate with ease which reduces the likelihood of human error. Time left under the microscope If the Daphnia are left under the microscope for too long they will become stressed due to the heat of the microscope light and this will increase the heart rate of the Daphnia due to the secretion of adrenaline therefore I must ensure that the microscope is switched off when not in use. The cavity slides must be allowed to cool down in the first orient using them again as they tend to heat up. Im purities on cavity slide Traces of impurities including ethanol from a previous experiment may be left on the cavity slide which may slightly affect the heart rate of the Daphnia therefore the slide must be cleaned and dried thoroughly before each repeat. Alternatively, a new slide may be used for each repeat. The materials needed to perform this experiment are the following Normal size syringe2 Small syringes (must have units of measurement) Open top pipetteEthanol of 1% concentration Various Daphnia to perform experiment on Microscope6 Petri dishes Cavity slideMarkerKleenex tissue for absorbing excess liquid ScaleStopwatch Method 1. The first thing that has to be through with(p) is the preparation of the different solutions where the Daphnia will be put. To do this you will need the small syringe, and 5 Petri dishes. It is very advisable to have labels. The first Petri dish will contain 0% Ethanol, in other words alone water. With a small syringe, take 10 ml of distilled water (the use of distilled water is important as you will be removing any materials that may have an effect on the Daphnia heart rate) and place it in the Petri dish. The syringe you just used will barely be used with water and not for the Ethanol. Put a 0% label on the Petri dish in rules of order to keep track of the different concentrations you will be making. The next Petri dish will contain 0.2% ethanol concentration, and you will make concentrations going up to 0.8%, so0.2 % With the other small syringe (this one will only be used for ethanol), add 2 ml of the 1% Ethanol, to 8 ml of distilled water0.4 % wreak 4 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 6 ml of distilled water 0.6% Add 6 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 4 ml of distilled water 0.8% Add 8 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 2 ml of distilled water remember to label each concentration accordingly 2. Set your microscope up, put it on strength magnification. Do not turn it on yet because the light of the microscope can heat up the environment where y ou will be observing the Daphnia. It is important to furnish to keep the temperature of the experiment as stable as possible. Heat may modify the Daphnia heart rate, and the effect of heat on the heart rate is not the purpose of this experiment. 3. Now it is time to pick out one Daphnia from the glass or container where you put all of them in. It is important to use only one throughout this whole experiment because different animals may present variations in their response to different environments. With the open top pipette, try to pick out a Daphnia which is not too small, as it will be harder to observe the heart rate if it is small. Once you have managed to take one out, place it in the remaining empty Petri dish. Take the normal size syringe and very carefully suck the Daphnia in with as least water possible. The objective is to have the Daphnia right at the tip of the syringe. Squirt the Daphnia out into the cavity slide. It is very important to put the Daphnia in with the le ast water possible, in order to prevent it from moving too much. It is recommended to try to squirt it out with only one drop of water, as this will keep it alive, but immobile. Use tissue to remove excess fluid. Put the slide under the microscope. Turn the microscope on.4. Make sure you can see the Daphnia clearly under the microscope, once you are happy with the image, look for the heart 7 is the heart. If you can see the heart, and can keep track of its beating, put the Daphnia, with the normal sized, syringe into the 0% labelled Petri dish. Wash the microscope slide with water and dry it. Turn the microscope off. 5. Keep the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes, this lets it adapt do the conditions and also increases the probability of it surviving the whole experiment. With the normal size syringe take it out of the Petri dish and put it onto the microscope slide, make sure that it is practically immobile (by making sure that you squirted the least amount of water possible) and put it under the microscope. Turn the microscope on.6. Get the paper and marker ready. Look into the microscope and make sure you can count the heart beat. Get someone to count 15 seconds with the stop watch. During 15 seconds, tap the paper with the marker each time the heart beats, afterwards this, count the number of dots on the paper. Multiply this number by four this upsets you the heart rate per minute. Record the result. Do this process 3 times in order to get 3 heart rates. Add the 3 heart rates and then divide the result by 3 this will give you the average of the Daphnia heart rate under those conditions. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope for a maximum of 2 minutes, because the heat of the light in the microscope could have effects on the experiment. Turn the microscope off after the count to prevent further heating caused by the light. 7. Remove the slide from the microscope, and with the normal size syringe put the Daphnia into the 0.2% labelled Petri dish (wash the slide with water and dry it). Leave the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes once again. After 3 minutes, use the normal sized syringe to put it onto the microscope slide. Repeat step 6 and record results. 8. Count the heart rate of the Daphnia when placed in all the concentrations. Work your way up from 0% to 0.2% to 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%. Make sure you rinse and dry the slide with the distilled water after each time. You must start from the lowest concentration up to the highest concentration because the Daphnia has to gradually adapt to the changes, you will be reducing the probability of it dying. Another reason for this is that if you start at the highest concentration, the impact on the Daphnia will be too dramatic and you will not see any trends once you try a lower concentration, it will have an effect of intoxication. Remember to repeat each count 3 times to obtain an average of the heart rate. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope during the same amount of time for each concentration, this will ensure that if there was any type of effect from the light under the microscope, all tests will be fair because they were under the exact same conditions. It is possible for the Daphnia to die during these tests this is why you must have acquired a fair amount of Daphnia, in order to have back-ups. 9. Repeat this experiment once or twice with different Daphnia, in this way you will be able to analyse any trends present in the experiment more accurately. I will use the following tables to record the results of this experiment Averages will be calculated for both experiments and the results will be organised in a separate table. My conclusion will be based on these averages because they are more representative. Modifications made to methodThe Daphnia used in the first experiment died after being placed on the cavity slide from the 0.6% ethanol solution probably due to the deprivation of fluid on the slide so I had to restart the experiment using another Daph nia. No one was available to count 15 seconds with a stopwatch so I had to use my mobile phone which beeped after 15 seconds prompting me stop counting the number of heart beats. Results

Factors of Transportation Barriers

Factors of menu BarriersDont you hate the feeling of non being able to travel to where you want, when you want? You may not want to ask great deal for rides because you may not have the amount of money to pay someone to take you, certainly when you pick up to go to a medical facility. Situations like this need special attention when it get holds to your wellness. No matter how you feel, you always need to make your doctors appointments because you never know what might be going on in your trunk. Transportation is a major barrier to wellness care access to patients. Transportation shouldnt pr tear downt anyone from getting to or from their doctor appointment. In a world where having carry-over is a major key to society to where it tramp affect peoples lifestyle. Finding transportation foot affect citizens regardless of the type of vitality situation in that location in, barely the main concern is for humble-income families. General research on transportation has been eva luated and it has come down to a lot of facts and statistics. Most of the information agrees that at that place is a problem with transportation among peoples living arrangements, but especially with low income families. However, at that place are different reasons to why there is a problem with transportation such as location of where the people travel, the distance to where they live to get to their doctor appointment, and the comprise ranging between medical fees depending on how sick the patient. Even then if there are buses, the older people may not be able to ride or even the cost to open the trip to the doctor can vary depending on how far your doctor is.There is a problem for people who live in rural areas not for them in particular but also for older and poor people find transportation to their medical physicians. Many families that take home a low-income, their living conditions arent the finest. They seem to struggle to find transportation that is reliable for the m. The effect of this causes them to miss their appointments when the doctor is available to see them. G convalescentian White say that low-salary communities are hit especially because of the poor quality of their expedition hear their area (Cronk, 2015, p.3). Even if the patient lives in an area where subways and buses are located, people never know what might happen. The subway could be a huge way from where you stay and also buses are so unreliable. What if your health is in chronic condition? People who are very sick may not be able to get on the subway nor a bus. Research by Cronk (2015) identified research by a survey specify the percent of the poverty level in Ohio by the journal Health Social Care in the Community (p.3). In 2001, this survey of 413 participants are living at or beneath the 125 percent of the poverty level located in Cleveland, Ohio. Also, researchers discovered that one-third of the participants said it was head and very sticky to find reliable transi t to their health care addrs (p.3). This means that patients that are involved in this situation leave alone have a difficult eon connecting with their doctor will have to wait until a tragic emergency meet to be able to be seen by a medical somatic or a person of that nature.Distance1Transportation barriers such as distance can cause people to not be able to go to their doctors appointments. Depending on how far their medical physician is, finding transportation will be very difficult. Studies show that having a vehicle gives the patient positive access to their health care. Having a vehicle means owning a car or having access to one by a friend or a family member. Arcury et al. researched transportation and the kind it has with the health care stating that in the rural Appalachians, 1,059 people had prior knowledge of someone that they knew who had provided rides on a regular basis to people that they knew (Syed, 2013, p. 2). Also Guidry et al. researched a survey in which the outcome of 593 cancer patients from Texas, only 38% of whites, 55% of African Americans, and 60% of Hispanics are identified of having poor access to a vehicle as a barrier that could result in missing a cancer treatment (Syed, 2013, p. 2-3). Things like this could lead a very chronic ill person to a horrible death, only because he or she miss their doctor appointment. Shockingly, a study researched by Lamont et al. discovered that the distance to a health care provider was related with the advancements of the health care system (Syed, 2013, p.3-4). Studies also researched that the combinations between distances to medical use. It reported that longer driving distances from the doctor office is very associated with less medication thats given to the patient. Additional studies should be researched when it comes to low-income patriarchal in which they understand the important of transportation to access the health care provider.Costnot being able to find a ride to the doctor wi ll cost you a huge amount of money when you get critical sick. bills is more than something that you can use to make purchases its actually a way of living. Without being able to afford a way to get to your primary physician, will cause issues in the long run. Some people cant even afford a taxis or an Uber. Cronk (2016) stated where a patient couldnt afford their medications and the effect of that caused him to be admitted to the hospital and get two of his toes removed. All of that couldve been avoided if he had the money to afford a ride to the doctors before the sickness took over his body (p.1). The issue that it seen with this situation is that patients are not able to find a ride that is affordable for them. When this happens, they end up with enormous health care bills that come from the hospital and insurances, if they even have any. Researches by Cronk (2016) stated that because of patients missing their schedule appointments lead to the health care spending an extra $150 billion yearly (p.2). One researcher Tierney et al. stated that between 42,722 patients, a research conducted on the topic of transportation in the health care field, found that the cost to afford Medicaid is increasing, so now patients cannot purchase their medications (Syed, 2013, p.5). When the patients hear this information, they dont know what to do. If they cant afford the insurance that they have, then they wont be able to afford just a regular doctor appointment nor the patients medication.ResultsAs a result, researchers have found ways to prevent these types of transportation barriers. One possible way is to provide a non-emergency medical transportation. They are used to help people with low-income be able to get to and from their doctors. But there is a catch to them. Cronk (2016) stated that that system is no good. Some of their transit vehicle arent equipped with GPSs nor a dispatch radio (p. 2). Whats the point of having a way to get there, and they cant even provide upgraded technology to make undispu control panel you get to the right place and on time? But we cant let this one issue get out it for everyone. An option could be to come together with other partnerships that would be a good fit so that everyone can work together to make sure everyone gets there without having any barriers. A study by Syed (2016) states that the two studies looked into United States Veterans and saw that they could receive federal support when it comes to barriers when trying to get to their doctors (p.5). Researched by Inman (2016) shows that there are many low cost ways to get transportation Lynx is only one dollar for standard bus routes (p.4). So there are options available to the patients. Using these options will prove that there is a way around transportation barriers. It just takes time for someone to research these resources for the elderly patients and low income families.ConclusionConclusively, transit barriers all comes down to more emergency rooms appearances and the care that is available. Since the majority of transportation barriers affect people who are low incomed and elderly, help should be offered. No matter about the location, cost and distance, there should be free, no cost, transportation for these patients in their neighborhood. For elderly people, there is more of a transportation issue because of the fact that they are older and more prone to have a sickness due to their age. But before there can be a definite answer, we can only assume because there needs to be additional research before a truthful culture is made. Syed (2016) states that there could be a possible solution if health care workers, patients, and people around neighboring cities come together to create a conception to have less transportation barriers. Creating a collaboration like this would make a total different in the society that we live in now (pg.6). But at the end of the day, transportation barriers are a topic that needs strong attentio n to make changes for people who are struggling. People arent getting any younger, just older. This needs to be handle as soon as possible to make a change in the world we live in today.ReferencesCronk, Imran. The Transportation Barrier. The Atlantic (2015) 1-6. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.Cronk, I. (2016, September 2). Transportation shouldnt be a barrier to health care. October 20, 2016, from https//www.statnews.com/2016/09/02/transportation-barrier-health-care/Inman, J. (2015, July 20). Lack of transportation has serious consequences for older adults. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved October 10, 2016.Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., Sharp, L. K. (2013). traveling Towards Disease Transportation Barriers to Health Care Access. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 976-993. http//doi.org/10. 1007/s 10900-013-9681-1TablesTable 1Table TitleColumn dubiousnessColumn HeadColumn HeadColumn HeadColumn Head wrangle Head123123123123Row Head456456456456Row Head789789789789Row Head123123123123Row Head4564564564 56Row Head789789789789Note Place all tables for your paper in a tables section, following references (and, if applicable, footnotes). Start a new page for from each one table, include a table number and table title for each, as shown on this page. All explanatory text appears in a table note that follows the table, such as this one. character the Table/Figure style, available on the Home tab, in the expressions gallery, to get the spacing between table and note. Tables in APA format can use one or 1.5 line spacing. Include a heading for every row and column, even if the content seems obvious. A default table style has been setup for this template that fits APA guidelines. To insert a table, on the Insert tab, click Table.Figures titleFigure 1. Include all figures in their own section, following references (and footnotes and tables, if applicable). Include a numbered caption for each figure. Use the Table/Figure style for easy spacing between figure and caption.For more informat ion about all elements of APA formatting, please consult the APA Style Manual, 6th Edition.

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language EssayThis is an introduction to sequences. In maths, that is, discrete mathematics have learned about sequences, which is an ordered list of elements. The sequences is about arrangement of objects, people, tasks, grocery items, books, movies, or hails, which has an order associated with it.Like a curing, it contains processs and the issuance of equipment casualty. This members is c whollyed elements or terms and the payoff of terms is as easy c whollyed the length of the sequences. Sequences having a natural total. There are all even numbers and odd numbers. This usually defined harmonize to the rule Sn = a, function of n = 1,2,3,a set A= 1,2,3,4 is a sequence. B = 1,1,2,2,3,3, is though the numbers of repeating.There are specific sequences that have their confess formulas and methods for finding the determine of terms, such as arithmetic and geometric sequences. List of numbers, finite and infinite, that follo w some rules are called sequences.P,Q,R,S is a sequences letters that differ from R,Q,P,S, as the ordering matters. Sequences preempt be finite or infinite. For this example is finite sequence. For example of infinite is such as the sequence of all odd affirmatory integers (1,3,5,.). Finite sequences are some eras known as strings or words, and infinite sequences as streams. The empty sequence ( ) is included in most notions of sequence, tho may be excluded depending on the context.In this topic means sequences, there are covered about moguling, operation on sequences, sequences of integers, subsequences, increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing, sigma notation, and pi notation. Besides that, in this topic also discuss about changing the index and enclose in sum.BackgroundA sequences was created by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1180-1250). Pisano means from Pisa and Fibonacci which means discussion of Bonacci. He known as by his nickname, Fibonacci. He was born in Pisa which is now part in Italy, the city with the famous Leaning Tower. He vie important role in reviving ancient methematical skills, as well as making signifi stomacht contri aloneions of his own.He was known for a great interset in math. Because of the Fibonacci Series, He is most known. A series of numbers approaching reputation reality. For example, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 233, 300, 377, The sum of the 2 preceding numbers are from each succeding number.Fibonacci was a member of the Bonacci family and traveled all around the Mediterranean as a boy. He traveled with his father who held a diplomatic post. To excel in solving a wide variety of mathematical problems, His keen interest in mathematics and his exposure to other cultures allowed Fibonacci. Fibonacci is probably best known for discovering the Fibonacci sequence.Besides that, A sequences is also was created by Leonardo Fibonacci. He is the Italian mathematician. He also known as Leonardo of Pisa, documented the mathematical seque nces often found in nature in 1202 in his book, Liber Abaci which means book of the abacusIn the sequences, each number is sum of both numbers, such as 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, 2 + 2 = 4, and so on. That sequence can be found in the spirals on the skin of a pineapple, sunflowers, seashells, the DNA double helix and, yes, pine c nonpareils.Sequences is one such technique is a make use of Fibonacci sequences in futures. Fibonacci who was innate in 1170. He found which a settlement reoccurred in nature, as well as a settlement was subsequent from a mathematical judgment of a fibre of numbers a third series is a full of a dual prior to it.In 2000, A sequence of posters designed at the Issac nitrogen Institute for Mathematical Sciences which were displayed month by month in the trains of London Underground to celebrate world mathematical year 2000. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life, illustrating the wide applications of modern mathematics in all branches of science includes physical, biological, technological and financial. Each poster gives germane(predicate) mathematical links and information about mathematical.Show moreResult of the researchA sequences is ordered list of elements that normally defined according to this formula, Sn = a function of n = 1,2,3,If S is a sequences Sn n = 1,2,3,,S1 denotes the first elements, S2 denoted the second elements and so on.The indexing set of the sequences,n usually the indexing set is natural number,N or infinite subset of N.In operations on sequences, If s = a,b,c,d,e,f is a sequences, then-head of s = a-tail of s = b,c,d,e,f-tail of s = a,b,c,d,e-last s = fFor Concatenation of sequences,If S1 = a,b,c and s2 = d,e.Hence, concatenation of s1 n s2 denoted as = a,b,c,d,eFor this concatenation of sequences, punctuation mark , must be written between these alphabet.Increa sing sequences and decreasing sequences are two important types of sequences. Their relatives are nonincreasing and nondecreasing. Sn Sn+1 is utilise when sequences of s is decreasing for all n for which n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nonincreasing if Sn Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nondecreasing if Sn Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. sheath-For increasing, Sn = 2n 1. n= 1, 2, 3,.The first element of s are 1, 3, 5, 7,.For decreasing, Sn = 4-2n, n = 1, 2, 3,The first few elements of s are 2, 0, -2, -4, .For nonincreasing, The sequences 100, 40, 40, 60, 60, 60, 30.For nondecreasing, the sequences of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5The sequences 100, is increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing since there is no value of i for which both i and i+1 are indexes.A subsequences of a sequences s is a sequences t that consists of certain(p) elements of s retained in the original order they had in s.Example let s = Sn = n n = 1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,let t = t=2n n = 2,4,6,4, 8, 12,Hence, t is a subsequences of s.Two important operations on numerical sequences are adding and multiplying terms. Sigma notation, sum_i=1100i. is about sum and summation. Summation is the operation of combining a sequence of numbers using addition. Hence, there are become a sum or total.Example sum_i=1ni = fracn2+n2For capital sigma notation, sum_i=mn x_i = x_m + x_m+1 + x_m+2 +dots+ x_n-1 + x_n.Example sum_k=26 k2 = 22+32+42+52+62 = 90Pi is a harvest-festival symbol for product of sequences of terms. This is alsoncaaled multiplication between all natural numbers.Pi notation, prod_i=mn x_i = x_m cdot x_m+1 cdot x_m+2 cdot ,,cdots,, cdot x_n-1 cdot x_n.Example prod_i=26 left(1 + 1over iright) = left(1 + 1over 2right) cdot left(1 + 1over 3right) cdot left(1 + 1over 4right) cdot left(1 + 1over 5right) cdot left(1 + 1over 6right) = 7over 2.Changing the index and limits in a sum.The formula to change the index and limit to the sum is,_(1=0)n--ir-n-1Limit of SequenceThe notation of limit of a sequence is very natural. The fundamental concept of which the completely of analysis ultimately rests is that of the limit of the sequence. By considering some examples can make the position clear.Consider the sequenceIn this sequence, no number is zero. But we can see that the closer to zero the number of, the larger the number of n is. This state of relation can express by saying that as the number of tends to 0, the n increases, or that the sequence can converges to 0, or that they possess the limit to 0. The points crowd closer n closer to the point 0 as n increases this means that the numbers are represented as points on a line. This situation is similar in the case of the sequenceHere, too, as n increases, the numbers tends to 0 the only difference is that the numbers are sometimes less than and sometimes greater the limit 0 as we say, they oscillate about the limit. The carrefour of the sequence to 0 is usually expressed by the equation or occasionally by the abbreviation.We consider the sequence where the integral index n takes all the value 1, 2, 3 . . We can see at once that as n increases, the number will approach closer and closer to the number 1 if we write, in the sense that if we mark off any interval about the point 1 all the numbers following a certain must fall in that interval. We writeThe sequence behaves in a similar way. This sequence also tends to a limit as n increases, to the limit 1, in symbols, . We see this most readily if we write . Here, we need to show that as n increases the number tends to 0.For all values of n greater than 2 we have and. Hence, for the remainder we have , from which at once that tend to 0 as n increases. It is also gives an estimate of the amount by which the number (for can differ maximum from the limit 1 this certainly cant exceed . The example only considered illustrates the fact to naturally expect that for large values of n the terms with the highest indices in the numerator and denominator of the fraction for predominate and that they determine the limit.Applications1)Fibonacci numberNowadays or in era science of technology, We will find a Fibonacci number using C++ program. The following sequences are considered1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,.Two numbers of the sequence, a_1 and a_2 , the nth number a_n, n =3.a_n = a_(n-1) + a_(n-2).Thus, a_3 = a_1 + a_2 = 1 + 1 = 2,a_4 = a_2 + a_3, and so on.Such a sequence is called a Fibonacci sequence. In the preceding sequence, a_2 = 1, and a_1 = 1, However any first two numbers, using this process. Nth number a_n, n = 3 of the sequnces can be inflexible. The number has been determined this way is called the nth Fibonacci number. a_2 = 6 and a_1 = 3. Then, a_3 = a_2 + a_1 = 6 + 3 = 9,a_4 = a_3 + a_2 = 9 + 16 = 15.2) Draft snakeThis game is most famous a long time ago. But now, a new generation still playin g this game at free time. This game is closely with sequences which is about the numbers or all natural number but in this game, only positive number that have in this checker. However, it still in a sequences. Firstly, a player must play a dice to get a number so that he or she can move one guide to another place to get a winner. These place to pleace is refer to the number. Each number that get from a dice will moves our position until he or she become a winner.ConclusionAs we know, a sequences is about a series of numbers. A series of numbers in sequences, which is all natural number includes positive and controvert integers, could be a finite sequence from some data source or an infinite sequence from a discrete dynamical system. All of the students, which is the students from the programming course learn about this topic in discrete mathematic as a minor subject in their course. Majoriti of the students said that this topic very arouse to learn and easy to score to get a hig hest marks in examination, test and others.Although this topic was considered very interesting to learn and easy to get a highest marks, but in this topis is also have a part that difficult to score and bored to learn. A difficult part was identified is the formula that used in this sequences. For example, one of the subtopic in a sequences is when to changing the index and limits in a sum, _(1=0)n--irn-1-. This formula is difficult to remembered among of the students. It is not only difficult to remembered, but a student is also difficult to remembered a way to calculate this problem where a question want a student change the index and limits in a sum.So, to solve these problem, another way must be created so that a student can solve these problem easier. May be a formula is fixed means it cannot be changed. Nowadays, a lot of ways was created by among of students to solve these problem. So another ideas must found themselves so that it easier to remembered.As a conclusion here, th e subtopics in a sequences has interesting to learn and not interesting to learn. Besides that, it has easy to remembered and not easy to remembered. Here, does not all of topic are easy. This condition mest be identified so that a problem can be solved immediately and corretly among the students.