How to Tell If an Element Is Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic

Materials may be classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic based on their response to an external magnetic field. Ferromagnetism is a large effect, often greater than that of the applied magnetic field, that persists even in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a property that opposes an applied magnetic field, but its very weak. Paramagnetism is stronger than diamagnetism  but weaker than ferromagnetism. Unlike ferromagnetism, paramagnetism does not persist once the external magnetic field is removed because thermal motion randomizes the ​electron spin orientations. The strength of paramagnetism is proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. Paramagnetism occurs because electron orbits form current loops that produce a magnetic field and contribute a magnetic moment. In paramagnetic materials, the magnetic moments of the electrons dont completely cancel each other out. How Diamagnetism Works All materials are diamagnetic. Diamagnetism occurs when orbital electron motion forms tiny current loops, which produce magnetic fields. When an external magnetic field is applied, the current loops align and oppose the magnetic field. Its an atomic variation of Lenzs law, which states induced magnetic fields oppose the change that formed them. If the atoms have a net magnetic moment, the resulting paramagnetism overwhelms the diamagnetism. Diamagnetism is also overwhelmed when long-range ordering of atomic magnetic moments produces ferromagnetism. So paramagnetic materials are also diamagnetic, but because paramagnetism is stronger, that is how they are classified. Its worth noting, any conductor exhibits strong diamagnetism in the presence of a changing magnetic field because circulating currents will oppose magnetic field lines. Also, any superconductor is a perfect diamagnet because there is no resistance to the formation of current loops. You can determine whether the net effect in a sample is diamagnetic or paramagnetic by examining the electron configuration of each element. If the electron subshells are completely filled with electrons, the material will be diamagnetic because the magnetic fields cancel each other out. If the electron subshells are incompletely filled, there will be a magnetic moment and the material will be paramagnetic. Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic Example Which of the following elements would be expected to be paramagnetic? Diamagnetic? HeBeLiN Solution All of the electrons are spin-paired in diamagnetic elements so their subshells are completed, causing them to be unaffected by magnetic fields. Paramagnetic elements are strongly affected by magnetic fields because their subshells are not completely filled with electrons. To determine whether the elements are paramagnetic or diamagnetic, write out the electron configuration for each element. He: 1s2 subshell is filledBe: 1s22s2 subshell is filledLi: 1s22s1 subshell is not filledN: 1s22s22p3 subshell is not filled Answer Li and N are paramagnetic.He and Be are diamagnetic. The same situation applies to compounds as to elements. If there are unpaired electrons, they will cause an attraction to an applied magnetic field (paramagnetic). If there are no unpaired electrons, there will be no attraction to an applied magnetic field (diamagnetic). An example of a paramagnetic compound would be the coordination complex [Fe(edta)3]2-. An example of a diamagnetic compound would be  NH3.

The Four Key Ideas Entrepreneurs Essay - 1564 Words

Introduction: Entrepreneurship is a frame of mind set with which dreams, the desire to achieve and passion for innovation, all combine to embody what it means to be an entrepreneur (Busenitz et al., 2003). Entrepreneurs are habitually opportunistic when seeking prospective opportunities; therefore it is crucial that entrepreneurs should abide by four key ideas when seeking opportunities. The four key ideas entrepreneurs need to embody when seeking opportunities are, denoting the entrepreneurial mind-set, innovation, Passion, leadership and creating economic value. Through the understanding of these key ideas entrepreneurs will be able to seek out opportunities and have a better chance of becoming a successful entrepreneur. Through analysis of articles and journals a comprehensive evaluation can be used to establish why these are the four key ideas entrepreneurs should have. Through entrepreneurs such as Richard Branson, Steve Jobs, Dr. Sangeeta Bhatia and Bill Gates, we can see the entrepreneurs s uccess can be attributed to one of the key ideas that entrepreneurs should keep in mind when opportunity seeking. The Entrepreneurial Mind-Set Denoting the entrepreneurial mind-set is a key idea which is assigning different values to resources and opportunities than ordinary people. Entrepreneurship is about identifying opportunities and having the ability to pursue in an attempt to ‘make something better’ or innovate (Ma Tan, 2006). The entrepreneurial perspective needs to beShow MoreRelatedThe Following Seven Key Lessons Are To Help Any Beginner1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe following seven key lessons are to help any beginner entrepreneur strive for success with a little more ease than as if they were to tackle it without any guidance. 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How People Perceive Differently Free Essays

Many people perceive thoughts differently because they all have different view of the world. After reading the text, Communications in a Changing World, I learned how people can interpret things differently. There are steps of perception everyone goes through which includes interpretation, selection, and organization. We will write a custom essay sample on How People Perceive Differently or any similar topic only for you Order Now As I showed a picture to three different people, they all had different words that described the picture and this explains how people perceive thoughts differently. Everyone in life has different views of the world because of their experiences and beliefs. People went through many obstacles in life which alters their belief system. Once their belief system has been constructed, they are in a habitual cycle which makes them hard to be same with others. No people are alike. We are all different people. With this knowledge, I believe that people view things according to their habitual lifestyle. For example, a person who are stereotypical may view people or judge them by race or individual’s character. These people will tend to view society as if everyone did not come from the same family but different places and everyone is categorized. However, some people may view things by emotions and actions. People perceive things differently as the author states, â€Å"Just as self-concept, identity, and physical factors act as filters on our perceptions, our personality also affects how we perceive others† (Dobkins, pg. 68). Many people are brought up in different cultures and background. Even though I may have friends that grew up with me in the same culture, we are different because our nationality might be different. We can eat different food and have our own unique styles. Our interests are different. How we look and feel is different. All three people I showed the picture to came up with different words because they all were in different states and brought up differently in life in general as the author states, â€Å"We like things that are recognizable or similar to us† (Dobkins, pg. 70). First guy I interviewed goes by the name Jimmy. He looked at the picture and described how the person in the picture was behaving. He came up with words such as â€Å"chilling†, â€Å"sitting†, â€Å"relaxing†, â€Å"distracted†, and â€Å"resting†. Jimmy used most of the words that describes the person’s action. He was not stereotypical at all. The second person I interviewed goes by the name of John. John however came up with words such as â€Å"black†, â€Å"afro†, â€Å"double-eye lids†, and â€Å"old†. John was being more stereotypical and described the person as if he belongs in a different family group. The third guy I interviewed goes by the name of David. David used words such as, â€Å"bum†, â€Å"poverty†, â€Å"frustration†, â€Å"hilarious†, â€Å"afro†, and â€Å"guilty†. He perceives that because the man in the picture is African American, he may be doing something harmful to the society as he mentioned the word â€Å"guilty†. Also, he used the word â€Å"poverty† which may represent how he views African Americans as people who are poor. The words he also used was the word â€Å"bum† which indicates that David may feel that there are a lot of African Americans on the streets without homes. I do understand where David came from because he lived all of his life in Downtown Los Angeles. Media influences people to perceive differently about certain group of people in the world. As in Los Angeles, there is always a news about someone shooting in Downtown Los Angeles and most of the time the people who commit crimes are either Hispanic or African Americans. Just because the person is African American does not mean he commits crime or he is a bum. The person in the picture clearly determines that he is not a bad person. But just because of his race, David thinks he is someone bad. However, Jimmy did not use any words that were stereotypical. He only used words that described the person’s actions. By this analysis, people perceive differently by the way they operate their views and belief system. People tend to cooperate by approximately determining their belief system and that is how they feel comfortable as the author states, â€Å"we often put ourselves in familiar situations, see the same patterns, and focus on the same senses in ways that are predictable and comfortable† (Dobkins, pg. 73). People may perceive differently by how they feel at the exact moment of time. When shown the picture if the person is at a negative state, they will look for negative words. When the person is in an excited or happy state of mind, they will look for words that are more positive. Although media repetition may alter one’s mind about views of different nationalities, a person’s state can distract how they analyze things of this world. For example, a person in a good state may present happier motives and bring excitement and joyful emotions to the table. However, a person with a negative state of mind may extract bad energy that may bring people around them down. A person’s state may alter how they perceive things differently. Jimmy and John may have used more positive words because they may be in a positive state of mind at the moment. However, David may have been in a negative state of mind at the moment he was interviewed. I do believe that people have their own ways of beliefs and view systems but the emotions they feel at the moment definitely do have some type of impact towards their perception as the author states, â€Å"As individuals, we bring the composite of our self-concept and identity, physical characteristics, and personality into every communicative setting† (Dobkins, pg. 68). In conclusion, everyone in this world perceives differently. Everyone has their own core belief systems embedded into their lifestyle. This is due to their experiences in their lifetime. Media and other sources may impact one’s belief systems. Maybe some people might have been hurt by certain ethnic group of people. Jimmy, John, and David whom I interviewed all had different words that describe the picture. In this regimental paper, I have described how these three people perceived differently because of their different belief system, state of mind, and experiences. How to cite How People Perceive Differently, Essay examples

Diversity Acceptance And The Transgender Population Essay Example For Students

Diversity Acceptance And The Transgender Population Essay There are many reason that Americans should consider awareness about Diversity acceptance especially with the transgender population as it is the upcoming phenomenon that the world needs to acknowledge. Although, Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013, ENDA (Sec. 4), Prohibits covered entities (employers, employment agencies, labor organizations, or joint labor-management committees) from engaging in employment discrimination on the basis of an individual s actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. The effects with integrating transgender equality in the workplace are a challenge as there are state laws that do not accommodate those individuals that are transgender. States such as North Carolina and Mississippi are presenting a hate towards transgender, today. As prejudice has decrease for the gay population or less conversation in many work settings, there are those biases towards the transgender which creates workplace discrimination and related health disparities (Mahner, Bower Fitzpatrick, 2014). A reason transgender refuse to disclose their identity in the workplace because of fear of harassment, discrimination and losing their jobs (Baillie Gedro, 2009; Jones, 2013). Therefore, McNickles (2009) suggest human resources familiarize with transgender basics, gender identity law, policy issues and tools, and sample gender transition guidelines. Transgender already battle within themselves as they are born in the wrong body (Trotter, 2010). The difficult part is when they’re transitioning to their gender identity. Many people show insensitivity towards transgender’s transition and usually do not respect their privacy as others asks questions regarding their surgeries and hormonal treatments (S. .nown discrimination towards the transgender community that needs to change for equality. Change could happen by the people: â€Å"The employer, and in particular senior management, can have a significant impact on how transgender employees are treated in the workplace. Having a solid anti- discrimination policy in place and reinforcing the policy with regular harassment prevention training will help keep an employer’s expectations clear and may help employers avoid discrimination claims†. (Farrell, 2016) Although, there are some organizations that have or have implemented multi-culture training, diversity training, work place violence prevention or a zero tolerance in their policies and procedures, many transgender employees are still faced with discrimination which gives them fear as there in an unsafe working environment, (Baillie Gedro, 2009; Jones 2103)